ipAwz 
mOsm Aqy zmIn : ipAwz nUM keI mOsmW iv`c pYdw kIqw jw skdw hY, pr A`q dI grmI, kVwky dI TMF Aqy izAwdw bwrS ies dy AnukUl nhIN [ lMmy smyN leI izAwdw TMF pYx nwl ipAwz izAwdw insrdw hY Aqy izAwdw grmI kwrn gMFy dw Awkwr Cotw rih jWdw hY [ ipAwz dI KyqI vwsqy zmIn izAwdw m`lHV vwlI, inkwsI Aqy bImwrI Aqy ndInW qoN rihq hoxI cwhIdI hY [
swauxI dy ipAwz
au~nq iksmW
AYgrIPoNf fwrk rY~f : ies iksm dy bUty drimAwny k`d Aqy hlky hry rMg dy huMdy hn [ gMFy ie`kswr gUVHy lwl, drimAwny Awkwr dy (70-80 gRwm) gol Aqy Gu`tvyN iClky Aqy drimAwnI kuV`qx vwly huMdy hn [ ieh iksm swauxI dI &sl leI FukvIN hY [ ies dw AOsq JwV 120 kuieMtl pRqI eykV hY [
ibjweI dy FMg
ibjweI dw smW : swauxI dy gMiFAW dI pnIrI bIjx dw sB qoN FukvW smW jUn dw A`D hY [ gMFIAW pYdw krn leI ibjweI mwrc dy A`D iv`c krnI cwhIdI hY [
bIj dI mwqrw : ie`k eykV dI pnIrI iqAwr krn leI 5 iklo bIj kw&I hY [
pnIrI iqAwr krnw : pnIrI bIjx leI, zmIn dI p`Dr qoN 20 sYNtImItr au~cIAW Aqy 1 qoN 1.5 mItr cOVIAW ikAwrIAW bxwau [ pnIrI dI loV Anuswr ikAwrIAW bxwau [ pnIrI Aqy ipAwz lwaux vwly rkby dI Anupwq 1 : 20 r`Ko [ ie`k eykV iv`c bIjI pnIrI 20 eykVW iv`c lweI jw skdI hY [ pnIrI vwlI QW iv`c 125 iklo glI- sVI rUVI pRqI mrly (25 vrg mItr) dy ihswb nwl pwau [ pnIrI bIjx vwlw plwt p`Drw hoxw cwhIdw hY [ ie`ko QW qy pnIrI bwr-bwr nhIN bIjxI cwhIdI [ ibjweI qoN pihlw bIj nUM 3 gRwm QIrm jW kYptwn pRqI iklo bIj dy ihswb nwl soD lau [ bIj nUM 1 qoN 2 sYNtImItr fUMGw 5 sYNtImItr dI iv`Q qy kqwrW iv`c bIjo [ kqwrW iv`c bIj ie`kswr bIjo Aqy glI-sVI dysI rUVI dI hlkI ijhI qih nwl F`k idau [ ibjweI cMgI v`qr iv`c kro [ pihlI isMcweI ibjweI dy qurMq ip`CoN PuAwry nwl kro [ pnIrI dIAW ikAwrIAW nUM idn iv`c svyry Aqy Swm do vwr pwxI idau [ dupihr vyly vDyry qwpmwn qoN bcwA leI ikAwrIAW nUM F`k idau [ fyF mItr cOVIAW ikAwrIAW nUM F`kx leI Gwh-PUs jW iksy dUsrI &sl dy p`iqAW-qixAW Awid qoN pRwpq kIqIAW C`prIAW 1.5 mItr dI au~cweI qy au`qr-d`Kx idSw iv`c vrqo [ ieh C`prIAW ie`k mhIny bwAd jdoN pOdy mzbUq ho jwx qW auqwr idau [
gMFIAW (blb sY~t) rwhIN swauxI dy ipAwz dI &sl : swauxI dy ipAwz dI vDIAw &sl lYx leI Aqy jUn iv`c bIjI pnIrI dI nw kwmXwbI qoN bcx leI swauxI ru`q dI &sl gMFIAW lw ky lYxI lwhyvMd hY [ ieh gMFIAW iqAwr krn leI 5 iklo bIj 8 mrly (200 vrg mItr) ikAwrIAW iv`c mwrc dy A`D iv`c bIjo [ pnIrI nUM h&qy iv`c do vwr pwxI lwau Aqy gMFIAW nUM jUn dy AKIr iv`c pu`t ky CyprIAW tokrIAW iv`c Awm kmry dy qwpmwn qy r`Ko [ ivkrIXog izAwdw JwV lYx leI 1.5-2.5 sY.mI. Gyry vwlIAW gMFIAW FukvIAW hn [ swauxI dy ipAwj nUM bY~f au~pr lwaux nwl Awkwr iv`c suDwr huMdw hY [ bY~f dw AwDwr 60 sY.mI. Aqy au~cweI 10 sY.mI. hoxI cwhIdI hY [ ieh is&wrS pwxI dy G`t inkws vwlIAW BwrIAW zmInW leI bhuq FukvIN hY [ ienHW gMFIAW nUM Agsq dy A`D iv`c Kyq iv`c lw idau[ &sl nvMbr dy AKIr q`k iqAwr ho jwvygI [
KwdW : pRqI eykV 20 tn dysI rUVI dI Kwd, 40 iklo nweItRojn (90 iklo XUrIAw), 20 iklo PwsPors (125 iklo suprPwsPyt) Aqy 20 iklo potwS (35 iklo imaUryt Aw& potwS) pwau [ swrI rUVI dI Kwd, swrI PwsPors, swrI potwS Aqy A`DI nweItrojn vwlI Kwd pnIrI lwaux qoN pihlw Aqy bwkI dI A`DI nweItrojn pOdy lwaux qoN cwr h&qy bwAd C`ty nwl pwau [
pnIrI pu`t ky Kyq iv`c lwauxw : 6 qoN 8 h&iqAW ip`CoN pnIrI iqAwr ho jWdI hY jo ik Agsq dy pihly h&qy iv`c pu`t ky Kyq iv`c lw dyxI cwhIdI hY [ cMgw JwV lYx leI kqwrW iv`c 15 sYNtImItr Aqy pOidAW iv`ckwr 7.5 sYNtImItr dw &wslw r`Ko [ pnIrI hmySw Swm vyly Kyq iv`c lwau Aqy qurMq ip`CoN pwxI idau [ bwAd iv`c pwxI loV Anuswr lwauNdy rho [
ndInW dI rokQwm : ndInW dI rokQwm hwVHI dy ipAwz dI qrHW hI kIqI jw skdI hY [
putweI : &sl dsMbr iv`c pu`tx leI iqAwr ho jWdI hY [ ies &sl nUM koeI vI hwnIkwrk kIVw jW ibmwrI nhIN l`gdI [
au~nq iksmW : pI Awr E-6 (2003) : ies dy pOdy drimAwny k`d dy, p`qy hry rMg dy, gMFy gUVHy lwl, drimAwny qoN v`fy Awkwr dy gol Aqy qMg GMfI vwly huMdy hn [ ieh iksm pnIrI p`ut ky Kyq ‘c lwaux qoN bwAd iqAwr hox leI 120 idn lYNdI hY [ ies iksm dI BMfwrn smrQw bhuq cMgI hY Aqy gMFy vI G`t in`srdy hn [ ies iksm dw AOsqn JwV 175 kuieMtl pRqI eykV hY [
pMjwb vHweIt (1997) : ies dy ipAwz drimAwny Awkwr dy gol, ic`ty Aqy qMg GMfI vwly huMdy hn [ ies dy rs iv`c GulxSIl Tos pdwrQW dI mwqrw vDyry (15%) hox krky ieh iksm gMiFAW nUM sukw ky pwaUfr bnwaux leI Fu`kvIN hY [ ies dI AOsq pYdwvwr 135 kuieMtl pRqI eykV huMdI hY [
pMjwb nroAw (1995) : ies dy pOdy drimAwny k`d dy, p`qy gUVHy hry rMg dy, gMFy drimAwny moty, pqlI DOx vwly Aqy lwl huMdy hn [ ieh iksm 145 idnW iv`c putweI leI iqAwr ho jWdI hY [ ies iksm dy gMFy Aqy bIj vwlI &sl nUM jwmnI dwg pYx dw rog bhuq G`t l`gdw hY [ Qir`p Aqy ipAwz dI suMfI dw hmlw vI G`t huMdw hY [ ies dw AOsqn JwV 150 kuieMtl pRqI eykV huMdw hY [
ibjweI dy FMg
ibjweI qy pnIrI lwaux dw smW : pnIrI dI ibjweI A`D AkqUbr qoN A`D nvMbr q`k kro Aqy jnvrI dy pihly h&qy qoN A`D jnvrI q`k pu`t ky Kyq iv`c lw idau [ v`fI (10-15 sYNtImItr) Aqy ishqmMd pnIrI qoN vDyry JwV imldw hY [
bIj dI mwqrw Aqy pnIrI lwauxw : ie`k eykV dI pnIrI iqAwr krn leI 4-5 iklo bIj bIjo [ ies leI 8 mrly (200 vrg mItr) QW qy 15 qoN 20 sYNtImItr au~cIAW ikAwrIAW iqAwr kro [ pnIrI leI iqAwr kIqI QW iv`c pRqI mrly dy ihswb 125 iklo gohy dI glI- sVI rUVI imlwau Aqy pnIrI bIjx qoN 10 idn pihlW pwxI dy idau qW ik ibjweI qoN pihlw swry ndIn au~g pYx [ bIj 1-2 sYNtImItr fUMGw, 5 sYNtImItr dUrI dIAW kqwrW iv`c ivrlw ijhw bIjo [ pnIrI pu`tx qoN POrn bwAd, v`qr Kyq iv`c lw idau [
&wslw : cMgw JwV lYx leI kqwrW iv`c 15 sYNtImItr Aqy bUitAW ivckwr 7.5 sYNtImItr &wslw r`Ko [
KwdW : ie`k eykV leI 20 tn glI-sVI rUVI, 40 iklo nweItRojn (90 iklo XUrIAw), 20 iklo &ws&ors (125 iklo supr&ws&yt) Aqy 20 iklo potwS (35 iklo imaUryt Aw& potwS) dI loV hY [ swrI rUVI dI Kwd, swrI PwsPors, potwS Aqy A`DI nweItrojn vwlI Kwd, pOdy lwaux qoN pihlW Aqy iPr A`DI bcdI nweItrojn vwlI Kwd 4-6 h&iqAW bwAd C`tw dy ky pw idau [
ndInW dI rokQwm : ndInW dI rokQwm leI 3-4 gofIAW zrUrI hn [ pihlI gofI pnIrI lwaux qoN iqMn h&qy ip`CoN kro [ bwkI gofIAW 15 idn dy vk&y qy krdy rho [ ndInW dI rokQwm ndIn nwSk dvweIAW nwl vI kIqI jw skdI hY [ stONp 30 eI sI 750 imlIiltr 200 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pnIrI lwaux qoN ie`k h&qy dy AMdr iCVko [ jy loV pvy qW pOdy lgwaux qoN 60 idn bwAd ie`k gofI kro[ ies qoN ielwvw gol 23.5 eI sI (AwksIkloroPYn) 380 imlIiltr pRqI eykV nUM 200 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky gMiFAW dI pnIrI lwaux qoN iek h&qy dy AMdr-AMdr iCVkwA krn Aqy 90-100 idnW bwAd iek gofI krn nwl ndInW dI rokQwm kIqI jw skdI hY [
isMcweI : pnIrI lwaux qoN POrn bwAd pwxI idau qW jo bUitAW dIAW jVHW zmIn pkV lYx [ iPr 7-10 idn dy vk&y qy pwxI lwauNdy rho [ putweI qoN G`to-G`t 15 idn pihlW pwxI dyxw bMd kr idau qW ik ipAwz lMmy smyN leI BMfwr kIqw jw sky [ ku`l 10-15 isMcweIAW dI loV hY [
ipAwz pkwauxw Aqy BMfwr krnw : BUkW su`k ky if`gx qy ipAwz dI putweI kro [ putweI krn qoN bwAd 3-4 idn q`k CW iv`c pqlIAW qihAW iv`c iKlwr ky ipAwz nUM p`kx idau [ iPr 1-2 sYNtImItr BUkW r`K ky k`t idau [ BMfwr iv`c hr 15 idn bwAd ipAwzW nUM ihlwauNdy rho Aqy ies iv`coN k`ty hoey Aqy gly hoey ipAwz dI CWtI krdy rho[
bIj auqpwdn :
a. gMiFAW qoN bIj auqpwdn : ipAwz dw bIj iek swl pihlW pYdw kIqy gey gMiFAW qoN iqAwr kIqw jWdw hY [ iek eykV bIj pYdw krn leI cMgI qrHW CWty gey 8-10 kuieMtl gMFy cwhIdy hn [ ibjweI nvMbr dy pihly pMdrHvwVy iv`c kqwr qoN kqwr dw &wslw 60 sYNtImItr Aqy bUty qoN bUty dw &wslw 45 sYNtImItr r`K ky kro [ ipAwz dw bIj pYdw krn vwlI iksm dw &wslw hor iksmW qoN G`to-G`t 1000 mItr zrUr r`Ko [ izAwdw Agyqy Aqy izAwdw pCyqy Pu`l k`Fx vwly bUitAW nUM pu`t idE[ Su`D bIj pYdw krn leI &sl dw Pu`l iK`Vn qoN pihlW, Pu`lW smyN Aqy p`kx smyN inrIKx kro Aqy gYr bUty k`F idau [ swry Pu`l ieko smyN nhIN p`kdy[ ies krky jdoN bIj kwlw ho jwvy 2-3 vwrIAW iv`c k`t ky k`F lvo Aqy sukwaux auprMq sw& krky G`t qwpmwn Aqy G`t nmI qy stor kro [
A. bIj qoN bIj auqpwdn : bIj qoN bIj qrIky duAwrw ipAwj dw bIj vpwirk p`Dr qy iqAwr kIqw jw skdw hY [ ies ivDI Anuswr, ipAwj dw bIj A^Ir Agsq qoN SurU sqMbr qk pnIrI dI ibjweI leI bIjo [ cMgI nroeI pnIrI nUM kqwr qoN kqwr 15 sYNtImItr Aqy bUty qoN bUty dw &wslw 10 sYNtImItr qy r`K ky AkqUbr dy A^Ir qoN nvMbr dy pihly h&qy drimAwn bIjo [ ies qrIky nwl iek swl iv`c bIj pYdw kIqw jw skdw hY Aqy bIj pYdw krn vwsqy gMiFAW dI sWB sMBwl dI zrUrq nhIN rihMdI [